1. [PDF] Astyanax, The - Nintendo NES - Manual - Evercade Info Central
A BUTTON + To make Astyanax jump.. B BUTTON + + To use weapon. To use magic spell (when pressing "up" on control pad). 1) Score.
2. Astyanax Update - Netflix TechBlog
20 dec 2013 · But in CQL3 the same CF has a clustering key that corresponds to your column comparator. Hence unique columns will appear as distinct rows.
one of Netflix’s more popular OSS Projects
3. GNU nano - Bugs: bug #31625, Restricted mode broken by key ...
Alright, sorry for that, it seems that when I implemented the key bindings code the checks for restricted mode were suddenly being bypassed.
Savannah is a central point for development, distribution and maintenance of free software, both GNU and non-GNU.
4. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of development in two Astyanax ...
Two of the genes identified, Nrl and Impg2, may play key roles in Astyanax eye loss. For instance, the gene Nrl, involved in opsin expression, is also ...
Organisms that are isolated into extreme environments often evolve extreme phenotypes. However, global patterns of dynamic gene expression changes that accompany dramatic environmental changes remain largely unknown. The blind Mexican cavefish, ...
5. Comparative cytogenetics of microsatellite distribution in two ...
20 mrt 2024 · Comparative cytogenetics of microsatellite distribution in two tetra fishes Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Psalidodon scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842)
Background The main cytogenetic studies of the Characidae family comprise the genera Astyanax and Psalidodon involving the use of repetitive DNA probes. However, for the microsatellite classes, studies are still scarce and the function of these sequences in the genome of these individuals is still not understood. Thus, we aimed to analyze and compare the distribution of microsatellite sequences in the species Astyanax bimaculatus and Psalidodon scabripinnis. Methods We collected biopsies from the fins of A. bimaculatus and P. scabripinnis to perform cell culture, followed by chromosome extraction, and mapped the distribution of 14 microsatellites by FISH in both species. Results and Discussion The diploid number observed for both species was 2n = 50, with an acrocentric B microchromosome in A. bimaculatus and a metacentric B chromosome in P. scabripinnis. Regarding FISH, 11 probes hybridized in the karyotype of A. bimaculatus mainly in centromeric regions, and 13 probes hybridized in P. scabripinnis, mainly in telomeric regions, in addition to a large accumulation of microsatellite hybridization on its B chromosome. Conclusion Comparative FISH mapping of 14 microsatellite motifs revealed different patterns of distribution both in autosomes and supernumerary chromosomes of A. bimaculatus and P. scabripinnis, suggesting independent evolutionary processes in each of these species, representing excellent data on chromosome rearrangements and cytotaxonomy.
6. The constructive evolution of taste in Astyanax cavefish: A review
2 jun 2023 · A key constructive sensory feature in cave animals is the gustatory system which is likely useful for animals living in complete darkness.
Animals inhabiting subterranean environments tend to evolve a constellation of ‘regressive’ and ‘constructive’ features. Regressive traits like vision and pi...
7. Variable Craniofacial Shape and Development among Multiple Cave ...
Astyanax mexicanus provides a unique and powerful system to study phenotypic evolution owing to its extreme adaptations and complex evolutionary history. Thirty ...
Synopsis. Astyanax mexicanus is a freshwater fish species with blind cave morphs and sighted surface morphs. Like other troglodytic species, independently
8. A pleiotropic interaction between vision loss and hypermelanism in ...
30 jun 2016 · ... Astyanax mexicanus Pachón cave x surface hybrids revealed phenotypic ... Thus, the key phenotype associated with hypermelanism in ...
Cave-dwelling animals evolve various traits as a consequence of life in darkness. Constructive traits (e.g., enhanced non-visual sensory systems) presumably arise under strong selective pressures. The mechanism(s) driving regression of features, however, are not well understood. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses in Astyanax mexicanus Pachón cave x surface hybrids revealed phenotypic effects associated with vision and pigmentation loss. Vision QTL were uniformly associated with reductions in the homozygous cave condition, however pigmentation QTL demonstrated mixed phenotypic effects. This implied pigmentation might be lost through both selective and neutral forces. Alternatively, in this report, we examined if a pleiotropic interaction may exist between vision and pigmentation since vision loss has been shown to result in darker skin in other fish and amphibian model systems. We discovered that certain members of Pachón x surface pedigrees are significantly darker than surface-dwelling fish. All of these “hypermelanic” individuals demonstrated severe visual system malformations suggesting they may be blind. A vision-mediated behavioral assay revealed that these fish, in stark contrast to surface fish, behaved the same as blind cavefish. Further, hypermelanic melanophores were larger and more dendritic in morphology compared to surface fish melanophores. However, hypermelanic melanophores responded normally to melanin-concentrating hormone suggesting darkening stemmed fr...
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9. Regressive Evolution in Astyanax Cavefish - PMC - PubMed Central
Thus, a phenocopy of blind cavefish can be obtained in surface fish by increasing the levels of shh gene expression, demonstrating the key role for Shh ...
A diverse group of animals, including members of most major phyla, have adapted to life in the perpetual darkness of caves. These animals are united by the convergence of two regressive phenotypes, loss of eyes and pigmentation. The mechanisms of ...
10. De Novo Sequencing of Astyanax mexicanus Surface Fish and ...
... bind Hsp70 in the endoplasmic reticulum [37]. Another is rpl13 (ribosomal ... Materials, Software and Code Sharing · Ethical Publishing Practice ...
Astyanax mexicanus, a teleost species with surface dwelling (surface fish) and cave adapted (cavefish) morphs, is an important model system in evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo). Astyanax cavefish differ from surface fish in numerous traits, including the enhancement of non-visual sensory systems, and the loss of eyes and pigmentation. The genetic bases for these differences are not fully understood as genomic and transcriptomic data are lacking. We here present de novo transcriptome sequencing of embryonic and larval stages of a surface fish population and a cavefish population originating from the Pachón cave using the Sanger method. This effort represents the first large scale sequence and clone resource for the Astyanax research community. The analysis of these sequences show low levels of polymorphism in cavefish compared to surface fish, confirming previous studies on a small number of genes. A high proportion of the genes mutated in cavefish are known to be expressed in the zebrafish visual system. Such a high number of mutations in cavefish putative eye genes may be explained by relaxed selection for vision during the evolution in the absence of light. Based on these sequence differences, we provide a list of 11 genes that are potential candidates for having a role in cavefish visual system degeneration.
11. Characidae) hemoglobins: structure and function Astyanax scabripinnis ...
GTP has a large influence on Hb-O2 binding properties in A. scabripinnis ... Key words: lambari, oxygen availability, organic phosphates, Bohr effect ...
Electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobins, Root effect, Bohr effect in blood and stripped...
12. Analysis of stress responses in Astyanax larvae reveals ... - bioRxiv
7 apr 2020 · ... binding to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (Collier et al., 2017). ... key developmental factors that may play a role. For example, ...
Stress responses are conserved physiological and behavioral outcomes as a result of facing potentially harmful stimuli, yet in pathological states, stress becomes debilitating. Stress responses vary considerably throughout the animal kingdom, but how these responses are shaped evolutionarily is unknown. The Mexican cavefish has emerged as a powerful system for examining genetic principles underlying behavioral evolution. Here, we demonstrate that cave Astyanax have reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress when examined at larval stages. We also find increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, a repressible element of the neuroendocrine stress pathway. Additionally, we examine stress in three different cave populations, and find that some, but not all, show reduced stress measures. Together, these results reveal a mechanistic system by which cave-dwelling fish reduced stress, presumably to compensate for a predator poor environment. Research Highlight
13. [PDF] Evolutionary development of skull morphology in the cavefish ...
calcium deposits in bones and Alcian blue will bind to glycosaminoglycans in ... morphs of Astyanax mexicanus with the aim of identifying key timepoints or.
14. CIL:39029, Astyanax mexicanus, neuron. CIL. Dataset
... binding protein (calretinin) shown in green, which highlights different ... Archival Resource Key (ARK): ark:/b7295/w9cil39029. Imaging. Image Type ...
Confocal micrograph of a blind cavefish embryo at around five days post-fertilisation viewed from the side (lateral view) with an antibody that targets a calcium binding protein (calretinin) shown in green, which highlights different neuron...
15. [PDF] Developmental Evolution of the Optic Region in the Cavefish Astyanax ...
2 jan 2019 · Key words : FoxG1, FoxD1, Vax2,Tbx5a, Pax2a, Bhlhe40, retina quadrants, retinal pigmented epithelium, optic stalk. Page 193. 190. Page 194. 191 ...
16. Mitochondrial phylogeography and molecular evolution of the ...
5 jul 2023 · ... Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853). Zoological Research, 44(4): ... binding sites, and analyze the effect of amino acid variants on ...
Cave-adapted animals provide a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms underlying phenotypic, metabolic, behavioral, and genetic evolution in response to cave environments. The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) is considered a unique model system as it shows both surface and cave-dwelling morphs. To date, at least 33 different cave populations have been identified, with phylogenetic studies suggesting an origin from at least two independent surface lineages, thereby providing a unique opportunity to study parallel evolution. In the present study, we carried out the most exhaustive phylogeographic study of A. mexicanus to date, including cave and surface localities, using two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b (cyt b) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)) and nuclear rhodopsin visual pigment (rho). Additionally, we inferred the molecular evolution of rho within the two contrasting environments (cave and surface) and across three geographic regions (Sierra de El Abra, Sierra de Guatemala, and Micos). In total, 267 individuals were sequenced for the two mitochondrial fragments and 268 individuals were sequenced for the rho visual pigment from 22 cave and 46 surface populations. Phylogeographic results based on the mitochondrial data supported the two-lineage hypothesis, except for the Pachón and Chica caves, whose introgression has been largely documented. The Sierra de El Abra region depicted the larg...
